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<main id="graphicsmagick-security">
<h1 class="title">GraphicsMagick Security</h1>
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<section id="background">
<h1>Background</h1>
<p>Although GraphicsMagick is image processing software, security is a
very important consideration for GraphicsMagick.  GraphicsMagick may
be used to open files and URLs produced by an untrusted party.  Given
a suitable weakness (which we make every effort to prevent), an
intentionally constructed file might be able to cause the software to
crash, leak memory, request huge amounts of memory, run forever, or in
the worst case execute arbitrary code, including shell code.
GraphicsMagick is very powerful and complex software supporting many
capabilities and so untrusted parties should never be allowed to
submit arbitrary requests into it.</p>
<p>GraphicsMagick includes the ability to access arbitrary http and ftp
URLs as well as local image, font, and SVG files.  The SVG renderer
supports read access to http and ftp URLs as well as local files
according to the SVG specification.  Since URLs and local file paths
may be included in SVG files, untrusted SVG files may create a Server
Side Request Forgery (<a class="reference external" href="https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html">SSRF</a>) vulnerability since URL requests are
done by the computer executing the SVG, which may be in a realm of
trust (e.g. inside the firewall and able to access &quot;localhost&quot;
addresses).</p>
<p>The <cite>-comment</cite>, <cite>-draw</cite>, <cite>-format</cite>, and <cite>-label</cite> utility options
support a <cite>&#64;filename</cite> syntax to incorporate any readable file on the
system as a convenience to the user.  If text from an untrusted source
(e.g. a web page) is allowed to supply these options, then they may be
used to read arbitrary files, creating a potential security hazard.</p>
<p>The GraphicsMagick project is continually striving to eliminate
conditions in the software which might pose a risk for its users while
not constraining what its users may do with the software.</p>
</section>
<section id="reporting-issues">
<h1>Reporting Issues</h1>
<p>If you become aware of a serious security issue with GraphicsMagick,
then it may be addressed by email directly to the GraphicsMagick
maintainers or to the <a class="reference external" href="mailto:graphicsmagick-security&#37;&#52;&#48;graphicsmagick&#46;org">GraphicsMagick Security</a> mail address.  More
minor issues are best addressed via the <a class="reference external" href="https://sourceforge.net/p/graphicsmagick/bugs/">GraphicsMagick Bug Tracker</a>
at SourceForge.  Please remember to set the bug to 'private' if you
use the bug tracker or else someone may acquire a zero-day exploit from
your report.  We will set the bug to 'public' as soon as a remedy has
been made available.</p>
<p>Reporting an issue will allow us to fix it so that future releases of
the software won't suffer from the problem.</p>
<p>The current state of free software is that security-sensitive free
software projects have been undergoing automated testing by machines
(and sometimes what might be hundreds of machines).  Machines do not
need to work at a day job, take care of families, rest, or eat, but we
do.  Any bug report which comes with a patch or changeset to fix the
problem is greatly appreciated and helps to move the project forward.</p>
<p>The remedy available to us is to submit a changeset to the
GraphicsMagick Mercurial repository, and include the changes in the
next release.  Regardless of how an issue becomes known to us, the
issue will become public knowledge as soon as we commit a fix to the
source code repository.  Only in exceedingly rare and dire
circumstances (e.g a previously-unknown zero-day shell exploit) might
we do anything different.</p>
</section>
<section id="safe-use-of-the-software">
<h1>Safe Use Of The Software</h1>
<p>You are the first line of defense when it comes to GraphicsMagick
security!</p>
<p>If you are operating a server which supports file uploads from
untrusted users, or delivered via a network protocol such as http,
ftp, or email, then you should take steps to assure that a problem
with opening/processing the file does not place the whole server at
risk.  These are steps which can be taken:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Subscribe to the <a class="reference external" href="https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/graphicsmagick-announce">graphicsmagick-announce</a> mailing list so that
you are informed about new GraphicsMagick releases or special
security bulletins.</p></li>
<li><p>Make sure that GraphicsMagick is up to date as reported on the
GraphicsMagick web site.  Don't simply trust that packages from
your operating system vendor are kept up to date or are updated to
include security fixes.  Keeping GraphicsMagick up to date might
require that you compile GraphicsMagick yourself from source code.</p></li>
<li><p>Execute the software in a <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization">Container</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails.html">FreeBSD Jail</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://illumos.org/man/5/zones">Solaris
Zone</a>, or <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot">chrooted</a> environment such that it can not cause harm
to the system running it.</p></li>
<li><p>Execute the software as a least-privileged user (e.g. 'nobody').</p></li>
<li><p>Normalize input file names or any other external inputs so that
they are under your control and not controlled by an untrusted
party.  This should include any file name specifications, which may
include arbitrary 'glob' patterns (wildcards) (requiring hours or
days to complete if sufficiently close long file names exist), and
options supporting a <cite>&#64;filename</cite> syntax.</p></li>
<li><p>Enforce that uploaded files are passed to the expected reader.  For
example, the uploaded file &quot;file.jpg&quot; is forced to be read by the
JPEG reader (rather than a reader selected based on header magic
testing) by using the file name &quot;jpg:file.jpg&quot;.  If the file is not
really what was indicated, then an error is reported.</p>
<p>GraphicsMagick supports a great many file types and auto-detects
many file types based on their content rather than file extension.
The file which pretends to be an ordinary PNG or JPEG file might be
something else entirely.  Note that even using independent file
header testing may not be sufficient since it is possible to
construct valid files with a header which appears to be several
different types, but the first type which matches while testing the
header will be selected.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Apply resource limits via the <cite>-limit</cite> option or the
<cite>MAGICK_LIMIT_*</cite> environment variables (e.g. <cite>export
MAGICK_LIMIT_PIXELS=30Mp</cite>, <cite>export MAGICK_LIMIT_MEMORY=500Mb</cite>).
Also consider setting resource limits using the <cite>ulimit</cite> command.</p></li>
<li><p>Consider using the <cite>MAGICK_CODER_STABILITY</cite> environment variable to
constrain the supported file formats to the subsets selected by
<cite>PRIMARY</cite> or <cite>STABLE</cite>.  After setting this environment variable
(e.g. <cite>export MAGICK_CODER_STABILITY=PRIMARY</cite>), use <cite>gm
convert -list format</cite> and verify that the format support you need
is enabled.  Selecting the <cite>PRIMARY</cite> or <cite>STABLE</cite> options blocks
access of http and ftp URLs (<a class="reference external" href="https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html">SSRF</a> vulnerability), but does not
block SVG renderer access to read local image files.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="pgp-public-key">
<h1>PGP Public Key</h1>
<p>The following PGP public key (belonging to Bob Friesenhahn) is used to
sign release files (there is an associated .sig file) and may be used
for private correspondence:</p>
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